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In England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, pupils between the ages of 14 and 16 study for GCSEs as part of the National Curriculum (a list of things that all students should be taught). Subjects like Maths, English Language, and Science are compulsory, but you’ll have the freedom to choose to study other subjects you’re interested in. You’ll generally pick these subjects at the end of Year 9.
What are GCSEs?
GCSEs are the most common academic qualifications taken by students at age 14.
They usually take two years and culminate in ‘public exams’ at the end of Year 11 when students are 16 years old. GCSE students across the country sit the same exam papers, which are marked by external examiners (i.e. not your teachers).
Some GCSEs also include coursework. Coursework typically takes the form of an extended essay or project. It is managed by your school and completed during the academic year.
The things you’ll be expected to know for each of your GCSEs (known as the specification) may vary slightly across exam boards. Your school will decide which exam boards they use for each GCSE.
What are IGCSEs?
In the UK, if you study at an international or private school, you might instead take IGCSEs. These are the ‘international’ versions of GCSEs.
The differences between GCSEs and IGCSEs are minor, and both are accepted as equivalent qualifications by universities and workplaces.
Choosing your GCSEs
Choosing your subjects at 14 can feel overwhelming. You may think that your whole future hangs on this choice! But don’t worry too much. Once you start post-16 education (like A Levels), the subjects you took at GCSE usually don’t matter as much.
Most universities and places of work just want to see that you have GCSEs in Maths and English. The only exception is if you are applying for a course or job that requires specialist knowledge or skills. Additionally, if, for example, you want to study History at A Level, some schools may require you to take this at GCSE.
It’s your responsibility to check the requirements for any course or career you want to pursue.
Common questions
Should I take combined science or triple science at GCSE?
If you take combined science (also known as double science), you’ll be awarded two GCSEs. In comparison, triple science (known as single science) gives you three GCSEs, one for each subject (i.e. biology, chemistry, and physics).
Choosing combined science should not limit your post-16 options. Sixth forms and colleges do not usually require you to have GCSEs in each separate science to study a science A Level.
However, taking combined science may mean you miss important concepts that you’ll need to catch up on later. Equally, taking combined science might afford you the time to study other STEM disciplines, like Design and Technology.
Should I take more than the recommended number of GCSEs?
You may have the option to take ‘additional’ GCSE subjects, such as Further Maths or Statistics.
Taking an extra GCSE is a great opportunity to study another subject you’re interested in. It will also demonstrate your organisation and time-management skills to prospective universities and employers.
However, taking an extra GCSE isn’t required, nor expected of you, and you don’t want to spread yourself too thin. It’s better to achieve higher grades in 9 GCSEs, than lower grades in 11. Moreover, you might decide that doing extracurricular activities or having more free time is more important to you.
My school doesn’t offer the course I want to take. What should I do?
If your school doesn’t offer a qualification you want to take, talk to your school to discuss your options. They may have specially-trained guidance counsellors or career advisors who can help you explore alternative pathways, such as opportunities at nearby schools or colleges.
Remember that colleges and universities understand that many students don’t have access to more niche courses, such as Psychology or Electronics, and as such, don’t require them for entry.
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